An IV (intravenous) infiltration injury occurs when the fluid or medication that is meant to be delivered into your vein via an IV line accidentally enters the surrounding tissue instead of the vein. This can happen due to several reasons:
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Dislodged Catheter: The catheter may become dislodged from the vein, either partially or completely.
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Vein Perforation: The catheter may perforate the vein during insertion or during the course of treatment.
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Vein Collapse: Sometimes, especially in patients with fragile veins, the vein may collapse around the catheter.
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Poor Catheter Placement or Securement: If the catheter is not properly placed in the vein or if it's not securely taped, it may move out of place.
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Increased Venous Pressure: Certain movements or actions (like clenching your fist) can increase venous pressure and cause the fluid to leak out of the vein.
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Patient Factors: Certain patient factors like age, vein condition (e.g., small or fragile veins), and certain medical conditions can increase the risk of infiltration.
When infiltration occurs, the fluid in the surrounding tissue can cause swelling, pain, and sometimes more serious complications depending on the type of fluid or medication that has infiltrated. It's important to monitor IV sites for signs of infiltration like swelling, coolness, or pain at the IV site. If you suspect an IV infiltration, you should inform a healthcare professional immediately for proper management.
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